To express something happens or someone does something in the present, the ending of the verb changes based on the gender + number the subject and the corresponding form of hoṇā (to be) is added at the end. The following table outlines every possible combination with the example word karanā (to do).
Person | Number | Gender | Punjabi | English |
First | Singular | Male | mae(n) karadā hā(n) | I do |
Female | mae(n) karadī hā(n) | I do | ||
Plural | Male | asī(n) karadē hā(n) | We do | |
Female | asī(n) karadīā(n) hā(n) | We do | ||
Second | Singular, informal | Male | tū(n) karadā hae(n) | You do |
Female | tū(n) karadī hae(n) | You do | ||
Plural / respectful | Male | tusī(n) karadē ho | You do | |
Female | tusī(n) karadīā(n) ho | You do | ||
Third near | Singular, informal | Male | ih karadā hae | He does |
Female | ih karadī hae | She does | ||
Plural / respectful | Male | ih karadē han | They do | |
Female | ih karadīā(n) han | They do | ||
Third far | Singular, informal | Male | uh karadā hae | He does |
Female | uh karadī hae | She does | ||
Plural / respectful | Male | uh karadē han | They do | |
Female | uh karadīā(n) han | They do |
mae(n) bahut paṛhadā hā(n)
I read a lot
tusī(n) roj varajash karadē ho?
You (respectful / plural) exercise everyday?
uh dūr-darashan ‘tē kī dēkhadā hae?
What does he watch on television?